Vacuum brazing is a controlled metal joining process performed inside a vacuum furnace. Oxygen and atmospheric contaminants are removed before heating, helping protect the assembly from oxidation during the brazing cycle.

What Is Vacuum Brazing?

During the process, a brazing filler metal melts and flows into the joint by capillary action. This creates a strong metallurgical bond without melting the base materials. Because the process occurs in a vacuum environment, vacuum brazing can produce clean, flux-free joints with excellent dimensional stability and minimal post-braze cleaning.

Vacuum brazing is well suited for:

  • High-purity assemblies
  • Hermetic components
  • Complex or multi-joint assemblies
  • Tight-tolerance applications
  • Dissimilar material joining
  • High-temperature operating environments
  • High-vacuum components
  • Sensitive electronic and semiconductor assemblies

Our Vacuum Brazing Process

Elcon’s engineering team evaluates each application based on material type, part geometry, joint design, thermal expansion requirements, metal surfaces, ceramic surfaces, filler metal selection, and final operating environment.

Using controlled vacuum furnace processing, Elcon joins metal components and ceramic-to-metal assemblies in an environment designed to minimize oxidation and contamination. Uniform heating, controlled thermal profiles, and precise fixturing help support consistent brazed joints across prototype and production programs.

Depending on the application, Elcon may also support related joining and preparation steps, including ceramic metallization, plating, glazing, cleaning, fixture machining, laser welding, TIG welding, and spot welding.

For broader joining capabilities, visit our precision brazing services.

Why Choose Vacuum Brazing?

Vacuum brazing offers significant advantages for components that require cleanliness, repeatability, hermeticity, and structural integrity.

The process is especially useful for complex geometries, dissimilar materials, tight-tolerance assemblies, and components with multiple joints. Because parts are heated uniformly in a vacuum furnace, vacuum brazing can reduce distortion while supporting strong, consistent bonds across the assembly.

Key advantages include:

  • Clean, flux-free brazed joints
  • Minimal oxidation and contamination
  • Strong metallurgical bonds
  • Excellent hermetic performance
  • Minimal distortion
  • Good dimensional stability
  • Support for complex geometries
  • Repeatable production quality
  • Reduced post-processing

Vacuum Brazing for Hermetic Assemblies

Elcon specializes in vacuum brazing applications that require high hermeticity and leak-tight performance. Our vacuum braze processes are used to support ceramic-to-metal and metal-to-metal assemblies for high-vacuum, high-voltage, controlled-environment, and mission-critical applications.

Vacuum brazed assemblies are commonly used in components such as feedthroughs, vacuum interrupters, microwave-transmitting tubes, power grid tubes, RF components, semiconductor equipment, and advanced electronics.

To help verify assembly integrity, Elcon supports testing and inspection procedures including helium leak testing, vacuum leak testing, joint strength testing, XRF, cross sections, and 160 kV X-ray inspection.

Benefits

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  • Clean, flux-free joints
  • High hermeticity
  • High repeatability
  • Minimal oxidation
  • Minimal part-to-part variation
  • Strong metallurgical bonds
  • Excellent dimensional stability
  • Support for complex geometries
  • Reduced post-processing
  • Greater quality control

Capabilities

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  • Vacuum brazing
  • Vacuum furnace brazing
  • Ceramic-to-metal vacuum brazing
  • Metal-to-metal vacuum brazing
  • Multi-joint brazing
  • Controlled thermal processing
  • Brazing filler metal selection
  • Braze alloy selection
  • In-house metallizing, plating, and glazing
  • In-house machining of fixtures
  • Prototype and production support
  • Temperature range: 300°C to 1200°C
  • Maximum part diameter:
    • Vacuum furnace: 8 in.
  • Maximum part length:
    • Vacuum furnace: 9 in.
  • Testing:
    • Helium leak performance
    • Vacuum leak testing up to 10⁻¹⁰ Torr
    • Joint strength
    • XRF
    • Cross sections
    • 160 kV X-ray inspection

Specifications

View applications for vacuum brazing, the materials we use, example products, equipment, standards, and more below.

Applications

Elcon’s vacuum brazing services support components that require clean joints, hermetic performance, dimensional stability, and reliable operation in demanding environments.

Common vacuum brazing applications include:

  • Aerospace components
  • Defense systems
  • Semiconductor manufacturing equipment
  • Medical components
  • Microwave-transmitting tubes
  • Power grid tubes
  • Vacuum interrupters
  • High-voltage components
  • RF and microwave components
  • Vacuum electronics
  • Communications components
  • Computer and electronics components
  • Optical systems
  • Vacuum feedthroughs
  • Fiber optics
  • Energy systems
  • Solar product manufacturing
  • Biomedical components
Materials

Elcon works with a range of metals, braze alloy families, brazing filler metals, ceramics, and related materials used in high-reliability vacuum brazed assemblies. Material selection depends on the base materials, thermal expansion requirements, joint design, filler metal behavior, surface preparation, operating temperature, and final performance environment.

Metals

  • Alloy steels
  • Beryllium-copper
  • Copper
  • Copper-molybdenum
  • Gold
  • Hastelloy
  • Kovar
  • Molybdenum
  • Nickel
  • Stainless steel
  • Titanium
  • Tungsten
  • Tungsten-copper

Braze Alloy Families

  • Active metal braze alloys
  • Copper-based alloys
  • Gold-based alloys
  • Nickel-based alloys
  • Palladium-based alloys
  • Silver-based alloys

Ceramics and Related Materials

  • Alumina
  • Aluminum nitride
  • Beryllia / beryllium oxide
  • Sapphire
  • ZTA
  • Zirconia
  • YTZP
  • Graphite
Equipment

Elcon’s facilities are equipped with advanced Camco furnaces, vacuum furnace capabilities, and a variety of related manufacturing and inspection tools. These technologies enable us to support complex materials, metal components, ceramic components, and assembly sizes within controlled environments that help produce consistent, high-quality outcomes.

Equipment and process capabilities include:

  • Camco furnaces
  • Vacuum furnace brazing
  • Laser, TIG, and spot welding stations
  • Helium and vacuum leak testing equipment
  • XRF
  • Vacuum etching equipment
  • Brazing temperature range: 300°C to 1200°C

Maximum Part Diameter

  • Vacuum furnace: 8 in.

Maximum Part Length

  • Vacuum furnace: 9 in.
Standards

Elcon supports rigorous quality assurance measures for vacuum brazed assemblies used in demanding applications. Our quality control processes are backed by AS9100D and ISO 9001:2015 certifications, supporting consistent quality from initial engineering review through final inspection.

Applicable standards and certifications include:

  • ISO 9001:2015
  • AS9100D
  • ITAR
  • RoHS
  • MIL-C-14550B for copper plating
  • MIL-G-45204 for gold plating
  • AMS-QQ-N-290 for nickel plating
  • QQ-S-365D for silver plating

Elcon’s vacuum brazing services support components that require clean joints, hermetic performance, dimensional stability, and reliable operation in demanding environments.

Common vacuum brazing applications include:

  • Aerospace components
  • Defense systems
  • Semiconductor manufacturing equipment
  • Medical components
  • Microwave-transmitting tubes
  • Power grid tubes
  • Vacuum interrupters
  • High-voltage components
  • RF and microwave components
  • Vacuum electronics
  • Communications components
  • Computer and electronics components
  • Optical systems
  • Vacuum feedthroughs
  • Fiber optics
  • Energy systems
  • Solar product manufacturing
  • Biomedical components

Elcon works with a range of metals, braze alloy families, brazing filler metals, ceramics, and related materials used in high-reliability vacuum brazed assemblies. Material selection depends on the base materials, thermal expansion requirements, joint design, filler metal behavior, surface preparation, operating temperature, and final performance environment.

Metals

  • Alloy steels
  • Beryllium-copper
  • Copper
  • Copper-molybdenum
  • Gold
  • Hastelloy
  • Kovar
  • Molybdenum
  • Nickel
  • Stainless steel
  • Titanium
  • Tungsten
  • Tungsten-copper

Braze Alloy Families

  • Active metal braze alloys
  • Copper-based alloys
  • Gold-based alloys
  • Nickel-based alloys
  • Palladium-based alloys
  • Silver-based alloys

Ceramics and Related Materials

  • Alumina
  • Aluminum nitride
  • Beryllia / beryllium oxide
  • Sapphire
  • ZTA
  • Zirconia
  • YTZP
  • Graphite

Elcon’s facilities are equipped with advanced Camco furnaces, vacuum furnace capabilities, and a variety of related manufacturing and inspection tools. These technologies enable us to support complex materials, metal components, ceramic components, and assembly sizes within controlled environments that help produce consistent, high-quality outcomes.

Equipment and process capabilities include:

  • Camco furnaces
  • Vacuum furnace brazing
  • Laser, TIG, and spot welding stations
  • Helium and vacuum leak testing equipment
  • XRF
  • Vacuum etching equipment
  • Brazing temperature range: 300°C to 1200°C

Maximum Part Diameter

  • Vacuum furnace: 8 in.

Maximum Part Length

  • Vacuum furnace: 9 in.

Elcon supports rigorous quality assurance measures for vacuum brazed assemblies used in demanding applications. Our quality control processes are backed by AS9100D and ISO 9001:2015 certifications, supporting consistent quality from initial engineering review through final inspection.

Applicable standards and certifications include:

  • ISO 9001:2015
  • AS9100D
  • ITAR
  • RoHS
  • MIL-C-14550B for copper plating
  • MIL-G-45204 for gold plating
  • AMS-QQ-N-290 for nickel plating
  • QQ-S-365D for silver plating

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Our team is here and ready to start talking, whatever your application may be. Request a quote today to send us your thoughts and get your project moving.

 

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